Journal Club

We study absolute value of transition probability based on a time dependent formalism for normalized initial and final states, and apply a new formula to study physical phenomena which are difficult to understand from standard ones. The probability is composed of the standard term obtained with plane wave calculations, and a new term of unique properties. Because physical processes follow the transition probability, there are two different transitions. One follows the standard formula and other follows the new term. We call the transitions that follow the standard formula as first class and those that follow the new term as second class. In this talk, I show that second class transitions play important roles in various processes familiar to everyone. One is the Rayleigh scattering of solar light with molecules in the atmosphere. Observation of the sky and measurements of earth albedo are difficult to understand with the first class quantity but become understandable with the second class quantity. The second class quantities play important roles in neutrino radiative processes at the solar corona and in neutrino short distance spectrum in the pion decays. These will be discussed also.